Automobile Timeline, 1769–2040: From Steam to Electric Cars
Steam, electricity, petrol, fuel cells — and back to electricity
The car's power source converged on petrol once, and is now splitting apart again. The first vehicle to move under its own power ran on steam; the first to pass 100 km/h ran on batteries. This timeline sorts what accumulated over 250 years into four kinds: theory, discovery, engineering milestone, and deployment.
Dashed borders and hollow dots mark projected, not-yet-achieved items. “Unverified” marks entries not yet confirmed against a primary source.
Basic research (theory and discovery)
Engineering and deployment
← Scroll horizontally. Above the axis is basic research (theory and discovery); below it, engineering and deployment. How crowded a column looks is how dense that period was. Tick spacing narrows where entries cluster.